Advances in voice technology and voice user interfaces (VUIs) -- such as Alexa, Siri, and Google Home -- have opened up the potential for many new types of interaction. However, despite the potential of these devices reflected by the growing market and body of VUI research, there is a lingering sense that the technology is still underused. In this paper, we conducted a systematic literature review of 35 papers to identify and synthesize 127 VUI design guidelines into five themes. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 smart speaker users to understand their use and non-use of the technology. From the interviews, we distill four design challenges that contribute the most to non-use. Based on their (non-)use, we identify four opportunity spaces for designers to explore such as focusing on information support while multitasking (cooking, driving, childcare, etc), incorporating users' mental models for smart speakers, and integrating calm design principles.

翻译：语音技术与语音用户界面（VUI）的进步——如Alexa、Siri和Google Home——为许多新型交互方式开辟了潜力。然而，尽管这些设备的潜力已体现在日益增长的市场和VUI研究成果中，但人们仍普遍感觉该技术未被充分利用。本文通过系统性文献综述，对35篇论文进行了梳理，将127条VUI设计指南归纳为五大主题。此外，我们对15名智能音箱用户进行了半结构化访谈，以了解他们对该技术的使用与未使用情况。根据访谈内容，我们提炼出导致未使用行为的四大设计挑战。基于用户的（非）使用行为，我们识别出四个可供设计师探索的创新空间，例如在多任务处理（烹饪、驾驶、育儿等）场景下聚焦信息支持、融入用户对智能音箱的心智模型，以及整合宁静设计原则。