Knowledge graphs (KGs) have become the standard technology for the representation of factual information in applications such as recommendation engines, search, and question-answering systems. However, the continual updating of KGs, as well as the integration of KGs from different domains and KGs in different languages, remains to be a major challenge. What we suggest here is that by a reification of abstract objects and by acknowledging the ontological distinction between concepts and types, we arrive at an ontologically grounded and language-agnostic representation that can alleviate the difficulties in KG integration.

翻译：知识图谱已成为推荐系统、搜索引擎及问答系统等应用中表示事实性信息的标准技术。然而，知识图谱的持续更新，以及来自不同领域、不同语言的知识图谱的整合，仍然是一项重大挑战。本文提出，通过对抽象对象的具体化，并承认概念与类型之间的本体论区别，我们可以获得一种基于本体论且语言无关的表示方法，从而缓解知识图谱整合中的困难。