ConvPE (Convolutional Position Embedding) improves both the performance and efficiency of Transformer models in language modeling, long-context extension, and vision. It injects a windowed, content-dependent bias into attention scores through a lightweight causal convolution over a low-dimensional projection of the hidden states. As a lightweight plug-in, ConvPE is compatible with RoPE, attention masks, and KV concatenation. It also supports high-dimensional position embeddings via high-dimensional convolutions. In a reproduction, ConvPE outperforms five 1D baselines and eight 2D baselines. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/wzhagi/convpe.

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