Quantum information technology has the potential to revolutionize computing, communications, and security. To fully realize its potential, quantum processors with millions of qubits are needed, which is still far from being accomplished. Thus, it is important to establish quantum networks to enable distributed quantum computing to leverage existing and near-term quantum processors into more powerful resources. This paper introduces a protocol to distribute entanglements among quantum devices within classical-quantum networks with limited quantum links, enabling more efficient quantum teleportation in near-term hybrid networks. The proposed protocol uses entanglement swapping to distribute entanglements efficiently in a butterfly network, then classical network coding is applied to enable quantum teleportation while overcoming network bottlenecks and minimizing qubit requirements for individual nodes. Experimental results show that the proposed protocol requires quantum resources that scale linearly with network size, with individual nodes only requiring a fixed number of qubits. For small network sizes of up to three transceiver pairs, the proposed protocol outperforms the benchmark by using 17% fewer qubit resources, achieving 8.8% higher accuracy, and with a 35% faster simulation time. The percentage improvement increases significantly for large network sizes. We also propose a protocol for securing entanglement distribution against malicious entanglements using quantum state encoding through rotation. Our analysis shows that this method requires no communication overhead and reduces the chance of a malicious node retrieving a quantum state to 7.2%. The achieved results point toward a protocol that enables a highly scalable, efficient, and secure near-term quantum Internet.

翻译：量子信息技术有望彻底改变计算、通信和安全领域。要充分实现其潜力，需要拥有数百万量子比特的量子处理器，而这目前仍远未实现。因此，建立量子网络以实现分布式量子计算，将现有及近期的量子处理器整合为更强大的资源至关重要。本文提出了一种协议，在经典-量子混合网络中利用有限的量子链路在量子设备间分发纠缠，从而在近期的混合网络中实现更高效的量子隐形传态。该协议使用纠缠交换在蝶形网络中高效分发纠缠，然后应用经典网络编码实现量子隐形传态，同时克服网络瓶颈并最小化单个节点的量子比特需求。实验结果表明，该协议所需的量子资源随网络规模线性增长，而单个节点仅需固定数量的量子比特。对于包含最多三对收发器的小型网络，该协议相比基准方法减少了17%的量子比特资源，实现了8.8%的准确率提升，并缩短了35%的仿真时间。对于大型网络，改进百分比显著增加。我们还提出了一种通过旋转量子态编码来保障纠缠分发免受恶意纠缠影响的协议。分析表明，该方法无需额外通信开销，并将恶意节点获取量子态的概率降低至7.2%。所取得的结果表明，该协议能够实现高度可扩展、高效且安全的近期量子互联网。