Global rates of mental health concerns are rising and there is increasing realization that existing models of mental healthcare will not adequately expand to meet the demand. With the emergence of large language models (LLMs) has come great optimism regarding their promise to create novel, large-scale solutions to support mental health. Despite their nascence, LLMs have already been applied to mental health-related tasks. In this review, we summarize the extant literature on efforts to use LLMs to provide mental health education, assessment, and intervention and highlight key opportunities for positive impact in each area. We then highlight risks associated with LLMs application to mental health and encourage adoption of strategies to mitigate these risks. The urgent need for mental health support must be balanced with responsible development, testing, and deployment of mental health LLMs. Especially critical is ensuring that mental health LLMs are fine-tuned for mental health, enhance mental health equity, adhere to ethical standards, and that people, including those with lived experience with mental health concerns, are involved in all stages from development through deployment. Prioritizing these efforts will minimize potential harms to mental health and maximize the likelihood that LLMs will positively impact mental health globally.

翻译：全球精神健康问题的发生率正在上升，人们日益认识到现有的精神健康护理模式将无法充分扩展以满足需求。随着大型语言模型（LLMs）的出现，人们对其创造支持精神健康的新型大规模解决方案寄予厚望。尽管LLMs尚处于起步阶段，但已被应用于精神健康相关任务。在这篇综述中，我们总结了利用LLMs提供精神健康教育、评估和干预的现有研究，并强调了每个领域可能产生积极影响的关键机遇。随后，我们指出了LLMs应用于精神健康的相关风险，并倡导采取策略以降低这些风险。精神健康支持的迫切需求必须与负责任地开发、测试和部署精神健康LLMs相平衡。尤其关键的是，要确保精神健康LLMs针对精神健康领域进行微调、增强精神健康公平性、遵循伦理标准，并且让包括有精神健康问题亲身经历者在内的人员参与从开发到部署的各个环节。优先考虑这些工作将最大程度地减少对精神健康的潜在危害，并最大化LLMs对全球精神健康产生积极影响的可能性。