This paper presents InfiniteEn, a multi-source energy harvesting platform designed for the Internet of Batteryless Things (IoBT). InfiniteEn incorporates an efficient energy combiner to combine energy from different harvesting sources. The energy combiner uses capacitor-to-capacitor energy transfer to combine energy from multiple sources and achieves a nominal efficiency of 88\%. In addition to multiplexing different sources, the energy combiner facilitates the estimation of the harvesting rate and the calibration of the capacity of the energy buffer. The energy storage architecture of InfiniteEn employs an array of storage buffers that can be configured on demand to cope with varying energy harvesting rates and load's energy requirements. To address the challenge of tracking the energy state of batteryless devices with minimum energy overhead, this work introduces the concept of a Load Monitoring Module (LMM). InfiniteEn is a load-agnostic platform, meaning that it does not require any prior knowledge of the energy profile of the load to track its energy states. The LMM assists InfiniteEn in tracking the energy state of the load and dynamically modifying the storage buffers to meet the load's energy requirements. Furthermore, the module can detect and signal any abnormalities in the energy consumption pattern of the load caused by a hardware or software defect. Experiments demonstrate that LMM has a response time of less than 11 ms to energy state changes.

翻译：本文提出了一种名为InfiniteEn的多源能量采集平台，专为无电池物联网（IoBT）设计。InfiniteEn集成了一种高效能量组合器，可整合来自不同采集源的能量。该能量组合器通过电容间能量传输实现多源能量融合，标称效率达到88%。除多路复用不同能量源外，该组合器还支持采集速率估算及能量缓冲器容量校准。InfiniteEn的储能架构采用可动态配置的存储缓冲阵列，以适配变化的能量采集速率与负载能量需求。为解决低能耗约束下无电池设备能量状态追踪的难题，本文提出了负载监测模块（LMM）的概念。作为负载无关平台，InfiniteEn无需预先掌握负载能量特征即可实现其能量状态追踪。LMM模块辅助InfiniteEn追踪负载能量状态，并动态调整存储缓冲器以满足负载能量需求。此外，该模块能够检测并预警由硬件或软件缺陷导致的负载能耗模式异常。实验表明，LMM对能量状态变化的响应时间小于11毫秒。