Today's growth in the volume of wireless devices coupled with the promise of supporting data-intensive 5G-&-beyond use cases is driving the industry to deploy more millimeter-wave (mmWave) base stations (BSs). Although mmWave cellular systems can carry a larger volume of traffic, dense deployment, in turn, increases the BS installation and maintenance cost, which has been largely ignored in their utilization. In this paper, we present an approach to the problem of mmWave BS deployment in urban environments by minimizing BS deployment cost subject to BS association and user equipment (UE) outage constraints. By exploiting the macro diversity, which enables each UE to be associated with multiple BSs, we derive an expression for UE outage that integrates physical blockage, UE access-limited blockage, and signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) outage into its expression. The minimum-cost BS deployment problem is then formulated as integer non-linear programming (INP). The combinatorial nature of the problem motivates the pursuit of the optimal solution by decomposing the original problem into the two separable subproblems, i.e., cell coverage optimization and minimum subset selection subproblems. We provide the optimal solution and theoretical justifications for each subproblem. The simulation results demonstrating UE outage guarantees of the proposed method are presented. Interestingly, the proposed method produces a unique distribution of the macro-diversity orders over the network that is distinct from other benchmarks.

翻译：今天无线装置数量的增长,加上支持数据密集的5G和超常使用案例的前景,促使该行业部署更多毫米波(mmWave)基站(BS),尽管毫米Wave蜂窝系统可以带来更大的流量,但密集部署反过来会增加BS安装和维护成本,而这种成本在使用过程中基本上被忽视。在本文件中,我们提出了一个解决在城市环境中部署毫米Wave BS问题的办法,根据BS关联和用户设备(UE)的超值限制,最大限度地减少BS部署成本。通过利用使每个UE能够与多个BS相联系的宏观多样性,我们产生了一种UE外溢出的表达方式,将物理阻力、UE访问限制和信号到干扰加营养拉皮(SINR)的超值整合到其表达中。随后将BS的最小成本部署问题表述为非线性配置程序(INP),而该问题的组合性质是寻求最佳解决方案的最佳解决方案的动力,通过将原始的理论范围解析,将原始的原始的精度的精度的精度的精度的精度推方法推。