This paper investigates autonomous driving safety improvement via task offloading from cellular vehicles (CVs) to a multi-access edge computing (MEC) server using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links. Considering that the latter links can be reused by vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications to improve spectrum utilization, the receiver of the V2I link may suffer from severe interference that can cause outages during the task offloading. To tackle this issue, we propose the deployment of a reconfigurable intelligent computational surface (RICS) whose computationally capable metamaterials are leveraged to jointly enable V2I reflective links as well as to implement interference cancellation at the V2V links. We devise a joint optimization formulation for the task offloading ratio between the CVs and the MEC server, the spectrum sharing strategy between V2V and V2I communications, as well as the RICS reflection and refraction matrices to maximize an autonomous driving safety task. Due to the non-convexity of the problem and the coupling among its free variables, we transform it into a more tractable equivalent form, which is then decomposed into three sub-problems solved via an alternate approximation method. Our simulation results showcase that the proposed RICS-assisted offloading framework significantly improves the safety of the considered autonomous driving network, yielding a nearly 34\% improvement in the safety coefficient of the CVs. In addition, it is demonstrated that the V2V data rate can be improved by around 60\% indicating that the RICS-induced adjustment of the signals can effectively mitigate interference at the V2V link.

翻译：本文研究通过将任务从蜂窝车辆卸载至多接入边缘计算服务器，利用车对基础设施链路提升自动驾驶安全性。考虑到V2I链路可被车对车通信复用以提高频谱利用率，其接收端可能遭受严重干扰，导致任务卸载过程中出现通信中断。为解决该问题，我们提出部署可重构智能计算表面，利用其具备计算能力的超材料协同实现V2I反射链路，并在V2V链路上执行干扰消除。针对CV与MEC服务器间的任务卸载比例、V2V与V2I通信间的频谱共享策略，以及RICS反射与折射矩阵，我们构建了联合优化模型以最大化自动驾驶安全任务效能。由于问题的非凸性及变量间的耦合关系，我们将其转化为更易处理的等价形式，并通过交替逼近法分解为三个子问题进行求解。仿真结果表明，所提出的RICS辅助卸载框架显著提升了自动驾驶网络的安全性，使CV的安全系数提高近34%。此外，V2V数据速率可提升约60%，证明RICS对信号的调控能有效抑制V2V链路干扰。