Public permissionless blockchains facilitate peer-to-peer digital transactions, yet face performance challenges specifically minimizing transaction confirmation time to decrease energy and time consumption per transaction. Performance evaluation and prediction are crucial in achieving this objective, with performance modeling as a key solution despite the complexities involved in assessing these blockchains. This survey examines prior research concerning the performance modeling blockchain systems, specifically focusing on public permissionless blockchains. Initially, it provides foundational knowledge about these blockchains and the crucial performance parameters for their assessment. Additionally, the study delves into research on the performance modeling of public permissionless blockchains, predominantly considering these systems as bulk service queues. It also examines prior studies on workload and traffic modeling, characterization, and analysis within these blockchain networks. By analyzing existing research, our survey aims to provide insights and recommendations for researchers keen on enhancing the performance of public permissionless blockchains or devising novel mechanisms in this domain.

翻译：公有非许可区块链通过点对点数字交易促进交互，但面临性能挑战——尤其需最小化交易确认时间以降低每笔交易的能耗与时耗。性能评估与预测对此目标至关重要，而性能建模尽管在评估这类区块链时涉及复杂性，却是关键解决途径。本综述考察了关于区块链系统性能建模的先前研究，特别聚焦于公有非许可区块链。首先，本文提供关于这类区块链的基础知识及其评估所需的关键性能参数。此外，研究深入探讨了公有非许可区块链性能建模的相关工作，主要将这些系统视为批量服务队列。同时，本文审视了关于此类区块链网络中负载与流量建模、特征描述及分析的先前研究。通过分析现有文献，本综述旨在为致力于提升公有非许可区块链性能或设计该领域新机制的研究人员提供见解与建议。