Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), previously favored by enthusiasts, have evolved into indispensable tools for effectively managing disasters and responding to emergencies. For example, one of their most critical applications is to provide seamless wireless communication services in remote rural areas. Thus, it is substantial to identify and consider the different security challenges in the research and development associated with advanced UAV-based B5G/6G architectures. Following this requirement, the present study thoroughly examines the security considerations about UAVs in relation to the architectural framework of the 5G/6G system, the technologies that facilitate its operation, and the concerns surrounding privacy. It exhibits security integration at all the protocol stack layers and analyzes the existing mechanisms to secure UAV-based B5G/6G communications and its energy and power optimization factors. Last, this article also summarizes modern technological trends for establishing security and protecting UAV-based systems, along with the open challenges and strategies for future research work.

翻译：摘要：无人飞行器(UAV)先前仅为爱好者所青睐，如今已发展成为有效管理灾害和应对突发事件不可或缺的工具。例如，其最关键的用途之一是在偏远农村地区提供无缝的无线通信服务。因此，在基于先进UAV的B5G/6G架构相关研究与开发中，识别并考量不同的安全挑战至关重要。基于此需求，本研究深入考察了与5G/6G系统架构框架、支撑其运行的技术以及隐私相关问题中涉及UAV的安全考量。本文展示了协议栈所有层级的安全集成，分析了现有保障基于UAV的B5G/6G通信安全的机制及其能耗与功率优化因素。最后，本文还总结了建立安全机制、保护基于UAV的系统的最新技术趋势，以及未来研究工作中存在的开放性挑战与策略。