Accurate neuronavigation is critical for effective transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as stimulation outcomes depend directly on precise coil placement. Existing neuronavigation systems are often costly, complex, and prone to tracking errors. To address these limitations, we present a computer vision based neuronavigation system that enables real time tracking of the patient and TMS instrumentation. The system integrates a multi camera optical tracking setup with consumer grade hardware and visible markers to drive a digital twin of the stimulation process. A dynamic 3D brain model in Unity updates in real time to visualize coil position and estimated stimulation targets. Augmented reality (AR) is further incorporated to project this model directly onto the patient's head, enabling intuitive, in situ coil adjustment without reliance on abstract numerical displays. Overall, the proposed approach improves spatial precision and accuracy while enhancing usability.

翻译：精确的神经导航对于有效的经颅磁刺激至关重要，因为刺激效果直接取决于线圈的精准定位。现有的神经导航系统通常成本高昂、结构复杂且易产生跟踪误差。为克服这些局限性，本文提出一种基于计算机视觉的神经导航系统，能够实时追踪患者与TMS仪器。该系统将多摄像头光学追踪装置与消费级硬件及可见标记相结合，驱动刺激过程的数字孪生模型。Unity中的动态三维脑模型实时更新，以可视化线圈位置与预估刺激靶点。系统进一步整合增强现实技术，将该模型直接投影至患者头部，实现无需依赖抽象数值显示、可直观进行原位线圈调整的操作。总体而言，所提方法在提升空间定位精度与准确性的同时，显著改善了系统易用性。