Active DNS measurement is fundamental to understanding and improving the DNS ecosystem. However, the absence of an extensible, high-performance, and easy-to-use DNS toolkit has limited both the reproducibility and coverage of DNS research. In this paper, we introduce ZDNS, a modular and open-source active DNS measurement framework optimized for large-scale research studies of DNS on the public Internet. We describe ZDNS' architecture, evaluate its performance, and present two case studies that highlight how the tool can be used to shed light on the operational complexities of DNS. We hope that ZDNS will enable researchers to better -- and in a more reproducible manner -- understand Internet behavior.

翻译：主动DNS测量是理解和改善DNS生态系统的基础。然而，由于缺乏可扩展、高性能且易于使用的DNS工具包，DNS研究的可复现性和覆盖范围均受到限制。本文介绍ZDNS——一个模块化且开源的主动DNS测量框架，专为公网大规模DNS研究优化。我们描述了ZDNS的架构，评估了其性能，并通过两个案例研究展示该工具如何揭示DNS运行中的复杂性。我们期望ZDNS能够帮助研究人员以更高效且更具可复现性的方式理解互联网行为。