Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) is a novel technology that allows charging an electric vehicle while driving thanks to a dedicated road infrastructure. DWPT's capabilities in automatically establishing charging sessions and billing without users' intervention make it prone to cybersecurity attacks. Hence, security is essential in preventing fraud, impersonation, and user tracking. To this aim, researchers proposed different solutions for authenticating users. However, recent advancements in quantum computing jeopardize classical public key cryptography, making currently existing solutions in DWPT authentication nonviable. To avoid the resource burden imposed by technology upgrades, it is essential to develop post-quantum-resistant solutions. In this paper, we propose DynamiQS, the first post-quantum secure authentication protocol for dynamic wireless charging. DynamiQS is privacy-preserving and secure against attacks on the DWPT. We leverage an Identity-Based Encryption with Lattices in the Ring Learning With Error framework. Furthermore, we show the possibility of using DynamiQS in a real environment, leveraging the results of cryptographic computation on real constrained devices and simulations. DynamiQS reaches a total time cost of around 281 ms, which is practicable in dynamic charging settings (car and charging infrastructure).

翻译：动态无线功率传输（DWPT）是一种依托专用道路基础设施、可在行驶过程中为电动汽车充电的新型技术。由于DWPT能够自动建立充电会话并在无需用户干预的情况下完成计费，这种特性使其极易遭受网络安全攻击。因此，安全性在防止欺诈、身份冒充和用户追踪方面至关重要。为此，研究人员提出了多种用户认证方案。然而，量子计算的最新进展正对经典公钥密码体系构成威胁，使得现有DWPT认证方案失去可行性。为避免技术升级带来的资源负担，开发抗量子密码方案势在必行。本文提出DynamiQS——首个面向动态无线充电的抗量子安全认证协议。DynamiQS具备隐私保护特性，能够抵御针对DWPT的攻击。我们利用环学习误差框架下的格基身份加密技术，并基于真实受限设备上的密码计算结果与仿真实验，证明了DynamiQS在实际环境中的应用可行性。该协议总时间开销约为281毫秒，完全适用于动态充电场景（车辆与充电基础设施）。