Programmability is increasingly central in emerging quantum network software stacks, yet the node-internal controller-to-hardware interface for quantum repeater devices remains under-specified. We introduce the idea of an instruction-set architecture (ISA) for controller-driven programmability of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center quantum repeater nodes. Each node consists of an optically interfaced electron spin acting as a data qubit and a long-lived nuclear-spin register acting as a control program. We formalize two modes of programmability: (i) deterministic register control, where the nuclear register is initialized in a basis state to select a specific operation on the data qubit; and (ii) coherent register control, where the register is prepared in superposition, enabling coherent combinations of operations beyond classical programmability. Network protocols are expressed as controller-issued instruction vectors, which we illustrate through a compact realization of the BBPSSW purification protocol. We further show that coherent register control enables interferometric diagnostics such as fidelity witnessing and calibration, providing tools unavailable in classical programmability. Finally, we discuss scalability to multi-electron and multi-nuclear spin architectures and connection to Linear combination of unitaries (LCU) and Kraus formulation.

翻译：可编程性在新兴量子网络软件栈中日益重要，然而量子中继设备内部控制器与硬件间的接口仍缺乏明确规范。本文提出一种用于氮空位中心量子中继节点控制器驱动可编程性的指令集架构。每个节点由作为数据量子比特的光学接口电子自旋和作为控制程序的长寿命核自旋寄存器组成。我们形式化两种可编程模式：(i)确定性寄存器控制：将核寄存器初始化为基态以选择对数据量子比特的特定操作；(ii)相干寄存器控制：将寄存器制备在叠加态，实现超越经典可编程性的操作相干组合。网络协议被表述为控制器发布的指令向量，我们通过BBPSSW纯化协议的紧凑实现予以说明。进一步证明相干寄存器控制支持保真度见证与校准等干涉诊断功能，提供经典可编程性无法实现的工具。最后探讨了向多电子-多核自旋架构的可扩展性，及其与酉算子线性组合和Kraus表述的关联。