Proof of Reserves (PoR) enables centralized crypto exchanges to demonstrate that on-chain reserves are sufficient to cover customer liabilities. However, existing approaches, including Merkle-tree-based proofs and zero-knowledge PoR systems, remain difficult for everyday users to verify in practice, resulting in limited participation and weakened transparency. We introduce LPOR, a layered, usability-focused PoR framework that separates lightweight user-side checks from auditor-level cryptographic verification, enabling non-technical users to verify inclusion and publicly recompute total liabilities with minimal friction. By lowering verification barriers, LPOR increases user participation and substantially improves the probability of detecting omitted liabilities. We evaluate its scalability and omission detectability at a multi-million-user scale.

翻译：准备金证明（PoR）使中心化加密货币交易所能够证明链上准备金足以覆盖客户负债。然而，现有方法（包括基于默克尔树的证明和零知识PoR系统）对普通用户而言在实践中仍难以验证，导致用户参与度有限且透明度削弱。我们提出LPOR——一种分层、以可用性为核心的PoR框架，将轻量级用户侧检查与审计员级密码学验证相分离，使非技术用户能够以极低门槛验证包含性并公开重算总负债。通过降低验证障碍，LPOR提高了用户参与度，并显著增强了遗漏负债的检测概率。我们评估了其在数百万用户规模下的可扩展性与遗漏可检测性。