Individuals lack oversight over systems that process their data. This can lead to discrimination and hidden biases that are hard to uncover. Recent data protection legislation tries to tackle these issues, but it is inadequate. It does not prevent data misusage while stifling sensible use cases for data. We think the conflict between data protection and increasingly data-based systems should be solved differently. When access to data is given, all usages should be made transparent to the data subjects. This enables their data sovereignty, allowing individuals to benefit from sensible data usage while addressing potentially harmful consequences of data misusage. We contribute to this with a technical concept and an empirical evaluation. First, we conceptualize a transparency framework for software design, incorporating research on user trust and experience. Second, we instantiate and empirically evaluate the framework in a focus group study over three months, centering on the user perspective. Our transparency framework enables developing software that incorporates transparency in its design. The evaluation shows that it satisfies usability and trustworthiness requirements. The provided transparency is experienced as beneficial and participants feel empowered by it. This shows that our framework enables Trustworthy Transparency by Design.

翻译：个人缺乏对其数据处理系统的监督能力。这可能导致难以揭露的歧视和隐性偏见。近期数据保护立法试图解决这些问题，但尚不充分。该立法在抑制数据合理用途的同时，未能防止数据滥用的发生。我们认为，数据保护与日益依赖数据的系统之间的冲突应通过不同方式解决。当数据访问权限被授予时，所有数据用途都应对数据主体保持透明。这有助于实现数据主权，使个人既能从合理的数据使用中获益，又能应对数据滥用可能造成的危害。我们通过技术概念和实证评估对此做出贡献。首先，我们构思了一个用于软件设计的透明框架，融合了用户信任与体验方面的研究。其次，我们在为期三个月的焦点小组研究中实例化并实证评估了该框架，重点关注用户视角。我们的透明框架能够支持在软件设计中融入透明性。评估表明，该框架满足可用性和可信赖性要求。所提供的透明性被视为有益的，参与者感到自身被赋能。这表明我们的框架能够实现"值得信赖的设计透明性"。