Over the past years, distributed consensus research has extended its focus towards addressing challenges in large-scale, permissionless systems, such as blockchains. This shift is characterized by the need to accommodate dynamic participation, contrasting the traditional approach of a static set of continuously online participants. Works like Bitcoin and the sleepy model have set the stage for this evolving framework. Notable contributions from Momose and Ren (CCS 2022) and subsequent works have introduced Total-Order Broadcast protocols leveraging Graded Agreement primitives and supporting dynamic participation. However, these approaches often require multiple phases of voting per decision, creating a potential bottleneck for real-world large-scale systems. Addressing this, our paper introduces TOB-SVD, a novel Total-Order Broadcast protocol in the sleepy model, which is resilient to up to 1/2 of adversarial participants. TOB-SVD requires only a single phase of voting per decision in the best case and achieves lower expected latency compared to existing approaches offering the same optimal adversarial resilience. This work paves the way to more practical Total-Order Broadcast protocols to be implemented in real-world systems where a large number of participants are involved simultaneously and their participation level might fluctuate over time.

翻译：过去几年，分布式共识研究已将其重点扩展到应对大规模、无许可系统（如区块链）中的挑战。这一转变的特征在于需要适应动态参与，这与传统的、由一组静态且持续在线的参与者构成的方法形成对比。比特币和睡眠模型等工作为这一不断发展的框架奠定了基础。Momose与Ren（CCS 2022）的开创性研究及后续工作引入了利用分级共识原语并支持动态参与的全序广播协议。然而，这些方法通常要求每个决策进行多轮投票，这为现实世界的大规模系统带来了潜在的瓶颈。针对这一问题，本文提出了TOB-SVD，一种在睡眠模型中的新型全序广播协议，该协议能够抵御高达1/2的恶意参与者。TOB-SVD在最佳情况下每个决策仅需一轮投票，并且与提供相同最优抗恶意能力的现有方法相比，实现了更低的预期延迟。这项工作为开发更实用的全序广播协议铺平了道路，这些协议可应用于现实世界系统中，其中大量参与者同时参与且其参与水平可能随时间波动。