In quantum networks, effective entanglement routing facilitates remote entanglement communication between quantum source and quantum destination nodes. Unlike routing in classical networks, entanglement routing in quantum networks must consider the quality of entanglement qubits (i.e., entanglement fidelity), presenting a challenge in ensuring entanglement fidelity over extended distances. To address this issue, we propose a resource allocation model for entangled pairs and an entanglement routing model with a fidelity guarantee. This approach jointly optimizes entangled resources (i.e., entangled pairs) and entanglement routing to support applications in quantum networks. Our proposed model is formulated using two-stage stochastic programming, taking into account the uncertainty of quantum application requirements. Aiming to minimize the total cost, our model ensures efficient utilization of entangled pairs and energy conservation for quantum repeaters under uncertain fidelity requirements. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model can reduce the total cost by at least 20\% compared to the baseline model.

翻译：在量子网络中，有效的纠缠路由可实现量子源节点与量子目的节点之间的远程纠缠通信。与经典网络路由不同，量子网络中的纠缠路由必须考虑纠缠量子比特的质量（即纠缠保真度），这给确保长距离纠缠保真度带来了挑战。为解决这一问题，我们提出了一种纠缠对资源分配模型以及具有保真度保证的纠缠路由模型。该方法联合优化纠缠资源（即纠缠对）和纠缠路由，以支持量子网络中的应用。所提模型采用两阶段随机规划进行构建，同时考虑了量子应用需求的不确定性。该模型以最小化总成本为目标，在不确定保真度需求下，确保纠缠对的高效利用以及量子中继器的节能。实验结果表明，与基准模型相比，我们提出的模型可将总成本降低至少20%。