The problem of finding the optimal placement of emergency exits in an indoor environment to facilitate the rapid and orderly evacuation of crowds is addressed in this work. A cellular-automaton model is used to simulate the behavior of pedestrians in such scenarios, taking into account factors such as the environment, the pedestrians themselves, and the interactions among them. A metric is proposed to determine how successful or satisfactory an evacuation was. Subsequently, two metaheuristic algorithms, namely an iterated greedy heuristic and an evolutionary algorithm (EA) are proposed to solve the optimization problem. A comparative analysis shows that the proposed EA is able to find effective solutions for different scenarios, and that an island-based version of it outperforms the other two algorithms in terms of solution quality.

翻译：本研究致力于解决室内环境中应急出口的最优布局问题，以实现人群快速有序疏散。研究采用元胞自动机模型模拟此类场景中行人的行为，综合考虑环境因素、行人自身特性及其相互间的作用机制。提出了一种用于评估疏散效果优劣的量化指标。在此基础上，针对该优化问题提出了两种元启发式算法：迭代贪婪启发式算法与进化算法。对比分析表明，所提出的进化算法能够为不同场景寻得有效解决方案，且其基于岛屿模型的改进版本在解的质量方面优于另外两种算法。