We study matching markets with aligned preferences and establish a connection between common design objectives -- stability, efficiency, and fairness -- and the theory of optimal transport. Optimal transport gives new insights into the structural properties of matchings obtained from pursuing these objectives, and into the trade-offs between different objectives. Matching markets with aligned preferences provide a tractable stylized model capturing supply-demand imbalances in a range of settings such as partnership formation, school choice, organ donor exchange, and markets with transferable utility where bargaining over transfers happens after a match is formed.

翻译：我们研究了偏好一致性的匹配市场，并建立了常见设计目标——稳定性、效率与公平性——与最优传输理论之间的联系。最优传输理论为追求这些目标所获得的匹配结构特性，以及不同目标之间的权衡关系提供了新的见解。偏好一致性的匹配市场提供了一个易于处理的简化模型，能够捕捉伙伴关系形成、学校选择、器官捐献交换以及可转移效用市场（在匹配形成后通过议价确定转移支付）等多种场景中的供需失衡问题。