This paper presents a unified transformer-based framework for object detection and dense region captioning across distributed edge networks. The architecture uses a shared visual encoder followed by detection, region extraction, and autoregressive language-decoding stages, allowing localization and region description to reuse the same image features. This design removes the second image-encoding path required by decoupled detection and captioning pipelines. To support execution on resource-limited devices, a workload-allocation formulation assigns model stages and input streams across connected edge nodes while accounting for execution time, memory capacity, processor utilization, power limits, and intermediate tensor transfer cost. The framework is evaluated on a six-device edge testbed comprising four NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano and Orin NX inference nodes and two Raspberry Pi 5 auxiliary CPU nodes, with TensorRT FP16 and INT8 execution on the NVIDIA devices. On a Jetson Orin Nano, the unified INT8 model achieves 38.1 FPS with 3.5 GB peak memory use and 11.8 W measured power. Under four concurrent streams, the proposed allocation achieves 35.2 FPS and 28.4 ms mean end-to-end latency with an internode transfer rate of 6.8 MB/s.

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