Heralding the advent of autonomous vehicles and mobile robots that interact with humans, responsibility in spatial interaction is burgeoning as a research topic. Even though metrics of responsibility tailored to spatial interactions have been proposed, they are mostly focused on the responsibility of individual agents. Metrics of causal responsibility focusing on individuals fail in cases of causal overdeterminism - when many actors simultaneously cause an outcome. To fill the gaps in causal responsibility left by individual-focused metrics, we formulate a metric for the causal responsibility of groups. To identify assertive agents that are causally responsible for the trajectory of an affected agent, we further formalise the types of assertive influences and propose a tiering algorithm for systematically identifying assertive agents. Finally, we use scenario-based simulations to illustrate the benefits of considering groups and how the emergence of group effects vary with interaction dynamics and the proximity of agents.

翻译：自主车辆与移动机器人与人类交互的时代即将到来，空间交互中的责任问题正成为一个新兴研究课题。尽管已有专门针对空间交互设计的责任度量方法，但它们主要关注个体智能体的责任。当多个行为者同时导致某一结果时，聚焦个体的因果责任度量方法在因果过度决定的情况下会失效。为弥补个体导向度量方法在因果责任方面的空白，我们提出了一种针对群体的因果责任度量方法。为识别对受影响智能体轨迹负有因果责任的主动智能体，我们进一步形式化了主动影响类型，并提出了一种系统识别主动智能体的分层算法。最后，我们通过基于场景的模拟展示了考虑群体效应的优势，以及群体效应如何随交互动态和智能体邻近性而变化。