Due to the rapid development of quantum computing, many classical blockchain technologies are now considered insecure. The emergence of quantum blockchain holds promise for addressing this issue. Various quantum consensus algorithms have been proposed so far, but there has not yet been a quantum consensus algorithm tailored specifically for consortium blockchain scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel quantum consensus mechanism, named Q-PnV. This consensus mechanism is based on the classical Proof of Vote (PoV), integrating quantum voting, quantum digital signature and quantum random number generators (QRNGs). By combining Q-PnV with a quantum blockchain using weighted hypergraph states, we propose a comprehensive quantum blockchain solution for consortium blockchain scenarios. Compared to the classical method, the quantum blockchain based on Q-PnV can resist quantum attacks and shows significant improvements in security and fairness, making it better suit-ed for the future quantum era.

翻译：由于量子计算的快速发展，许多经典区块链技术已被认为不再安全。量子区块链的出现为解决这一问题带来了希望。迄今为止，已有多种量子共识算法被提出，但尚未出现专门针对联盟区块链场景设计的量子共识算法。本文提出了一种新型量子共识机制，命名为Q-PnV。该共识机制基于经典的投票证明（PoV），融合了量子投票、量子数字签名与量子随机数生成器（QRNGs）。通过将Q-PnV与基于加权超图态的量子区块链相结合，我们提出了一套适用于联盟区块链场景的完整量子区块链解决方案。与经典方法相比，基于Q-PnV的量子区块链能够抵御量子攻击，并在安全性与公平性方面表现出显著提升，从而更适应未来的量子时代。