Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Internet of Things (IoT) networks operate in decentralized and dynamic environments, making them ideal for scenarios lacking traditional infrastructure. However, these networks face challenges such as inefficient routing, limited scalability, and security vulnerabilities due to their decentralized nature and resource constraints. This paper explores the integration of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) as a unified solution that leverages its centralized control and network programmability to improve routing, resource management, and security. A mathematical model evaluates the impact of SDN integration on Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), Operational Expenditure (OPEX), and performance metrics. Results demonstrate that SDN-enhanced MANETs and IoT networks offer superior scalability, reduced latency, increased throughput, and lower packet loss, especially in dynamic and large-scale environments. While SDN introduces computational overhead, it significantly enhances routing efficiency, resource optimization, and adaptability. The proposed framework provides a robust and scalable solution, enabling the development of network architectures that efficiently manage growing node densities, dynamic topologies, and high data traffic. This approach ensures resilience, making it well-suited to meet the performance and reliability demands of modern, large-scale applications.

翻译：移动自组织网络（MANET）与物联网（IoT）网络运行于去中心化且动态变化的环境中，这使其成为缺乏传统基础设施场景的理想选择。然而，由于去中心化的特性与资源限制，这些网络面临着路由效率低下、可扩展性有限以及安全漏洞等挑战。本文探讨了将软件定义网络（SDN）作为一种统一解决方案进行集成，利用其集中式控制与网络可编程性来改善路由、资源管理与安全性。通过一个数学模型评估了SDN集成对资本支出（CAPEX）、运营支出（OPEX）及性能指标的影响。结果表明，SDN增强的MANET与物联网网络在动态和大规模环境中，尤其在可扩展性、降低时延、提升吞吐量以及减少丢包率方面表现优异。尽管SDN会引入一定的计算开销，但它显著提升了路由效率、资源优化与网络适应性。所提出的框架提供了一个稳健且可扩展的解决方案，能够支持开发出有效管理不断增长的节点密度、动态拓扑与高数据流量的网络架构。该方法确保了网络的韧性，使其非常适合满足现代大规模应用对性能与可靠性的需求。