This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current state of the art in quantum navigation systems, with a specific focus on their application in maritime navigation. Quantum technologies have the potential to revolutionise navigation and positioning systems due to their ability to provide highly accurate and secure information. The review covers the principles of quantum navigation and highlights the latest developments in quantum-enhanced sensors, atomic clocks, and quantum communication protocols. The paper also discusses the challenges and opportunities of using quantum technologies in maritime navigation, including the effects that the maritime environment and the specificity of marine applications can have on the performance of quantum sensors. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion on the future of quantum navigation systems and their potential impact on the maritime industry. This review aims at providing a valuable resource for researchers and engineers interested in the development and deployment of quantum navigation systems.

翻译：本文对量子导航系统的最新发展现状进行了全面综述，特别关注其在海事导航中的应用。量子技术能够提供高精度与高安全性信息，因此具有革新导航与定位系统的潜力。本文综述了量子导航的基本原理，重点阐述了量子增强传感器、原子钟及量子通信协议的最新进展。同时，文章探讨了将量子技术应用于海事导航所面临的挑战与机遇，包括海事环境及海洋应用特殊性对量子传感器性能可能产生的影响。最后，本文对量子导航系统的未来发展及其对海事行业的潜在影响进行了总结讨论。本综述旨在为从事量子导航系统研发与部署的研究人员和工程师提供有价值的参考资料。