Context: Many studies consider the relation between individual aspects and bug-introduction, e.g., software testing and code review. Due to the design of the studies the results are usually only about correlations as interactions or interventions are not considered. Objective: Within this study, we want to narrow this gap and provide a broad empirical view on aspects of software development and their relation to bug-introducing changes. Method: We consider the bugs, the type of work when the bug was introduced, aspects of the build process, code review, software tests, and any other discussion related to the bug that we can identify. We use a qualitative approach that first describes variables of the development process and then groups the variables based on their relations. From these groups, we can induce how their (pair-wise) interactions affect bug-introducing changes.

翻译：上下文：许多研究考虑了个体方面（例如软件测试和代码审查）与缺陷引入之间的关系。由于研究设计的限制，结果通常仅涉及相关性，而交互作用或干预措施未被纳入考量。目标：在本研究中，我们旨在缩小这一差距，并提供关于软件开发方面及其与引入缺陷的变更之间关系的广泛实证视角。方法：我们考虑了缺陷、缺陷引入时的工作类型、构建过程的方面、代码审查、软件测试以及任何我们能识别的与缺陷相关的其他讨论。我们采用定性方法，首先描述开发过程的变量，然后根据变量之间的关系进行分组。通过这些分组，我们可以推导出变量之间的（成对）交互作用如何影响引入缺陷的变更。