Climate models must simulate hundreds of future scenarios for hundreds of years at coarse resolutions, and a handful of high-resolution decadal simulations to resolve localized extreme events. Using Oceananigans.jl, written from scratch in Julia, we report several achievements: First, a global ocean simulation with breakthrough horizontal resolution -- 488m -- reaching 15 simulated days per day (0.04 simulated years per day; SYPD). Second, Oceananigans simulates the global ocean at 488m with breakthrough memory efficiency on just 768 Nvidia A100 GPUs, a fraction of the resources available on current and upcoming exascale supercomputers. Third, and arguably most significant for climate modeling, Oceananigans achieves breakthrough energy efficiency reaching 0.95 SYPD at 1.7 km on 576 A100s and 9.9 SYPD at 10 km on 68 A100s -- the latter representing the highest horizontal resolutions employed by current IPCC-class ocean models. Routine climate simulations with 10 km ocean components are within reach.

翻译：气候模型需以粗分辨率模拟数百个未来情景持续数百年，同时利用少量高分辨率十年尺度模拟解析局部极端事件。基于完全采用Julia语言编写的Oceananigans.jl模型，我们报告以下成果：第一，实现突破性水平分辨率——488米——的全球海洋模拟，每日可推进15模拟天（日均模拟年数0.04 SYPD）。第二，Oceananigans在仅使用768块Nvidia A100 GPU（仅为当前及未来百亿亿次超级计算机可用资源的零头）条件下，以突破性内存效率完成488米分辨率全球海洋模拟。第三——对气候建模领域而言最具意义的是——Oceananigans在576块A100上以1.7公里分辨率实现0.95 SYPD，在68块A100上以10公里分辨率实现9.9 SYPD的突破性能源效率——后者已覆盖当前IPCC级海洋模型使用的最高水平分辨率。常规气候模拟中10公里海洋组件已成为可触及目标。