ChatGPT is a large language model (LLM) created by OpenAI that has been carefully trained on a large amount of data. It has revolutionized the field of natural language processing (NLP) and has pushed the boundaries of LLM capabilities. ChatGPT has played a pivotal role in enabling widespread public interaction with generative artificial intelligence (GAI) on a large scale. It has also sparked research interest in developing similar technologies and investigating their applications and implications. In this paper, our primary goal is to provide a concise survey on the current lines of research on ChatGPT and its evolution. We considered both the glass box and black box views of ChatGPT, encompassing the components and foundational elements of the technology, as well as its applications, impacts, and implications. The glass box approach focuses on understanding the inner workings of the technology, and the black box approach embraces it as a complex system, and thus examines its inputs, outputs, and effects. This paves the way for a comprehensive exploration of the technology and provides a road map for further research and experimentation. We also lay out essential foundational literature on LLMs and GAI in general and their connection with ChatGPT. This overview sheds light on existing and missing research lines in the emerging field of LLMs, benefiting both public users and developers. Furthermore, the paper delves into the broad spectrum of applications and significant concerns in fields such as education, research, healthcare, finance, etc.

翻译：ChatGPT是由OpenAI创建的大型语言模型（LLM），经过大量数据的精心训练。它彻底改变了自然语言处理（NLP）领域，并推动了LLM能力的边界。ChatGPT在实现生成式人工智能（GAI）的大规模公众交互中发挥了关键作用，也激发了开发类似技术及研究其应用和影响的相关兴趣。本文的主要目标是提供关于ChatGPT当前研究方向及其演变的简明综述。我们同时考虑了ChatGPT的玻璃箱观点和黑箱观点，涵盖了该技术的组成要素和基础元素，以及其应用、影响和意义。玻璃箱方法侧重于理解技术的内在运作机制，而黑箱方法将其视为复杂系统，因此考察其输入、输出和效果。这为技术的全面探索铺平了道路，并为进一步研究和实验提供了路线图。我们还梳理了关于LLM和GAI及其与ChatGPT关联的基础文献。这一概述揭示了LLM新兴领域中现有和缺失的研究方向，既惠及公众用户，也惠及开发者。此外，本文深入探讨了在教育、研究、医疗保健、金融等领域的广泛应用和重大关切。