International institutions may have an important role to play in ensuring advanced AI systems benefit humanity. International collaborations can unlock AI's ability to further sustainable development, and coordination of regulatory efforts can reduce obstacles to innovation and the spread of benefits. Conversely, the potential dangerous capabilities of powerful and general-purpose AI systems create global externalities in their development and deployment, and international efforts to further responsible AI practices could help manage the risks they pose. This paper identifies a set of governance functions that could be performed at an international level to address these challenges, ranging from supporting access to frontier AI systems to setting international safety standards. It groups these functions into four institutional models that exhibit internal synergies and have precedents in existing organizations: 1) a Commission on Frontier AI that facilitates expert consensus on opportunities and risks from advanced AI, 2) an Advanced AI Governance Organization that sets international standards to manage global threats from advanced models, supports their implementation, and possibly monitors compliance with a future governance regime, 3) a Frontier AI Collaborative that promotes access to cutting-edge AI, and 4) an AI Safety Project that brings together leading researchers and engineers to further AI safety research. We explore the utility of these models and identify open questions about their viability.

翻译：国际机构在确保先进人工智能系统造福人类方面可能发挥重要作用。国际合作能够释放人工智能推动可持续发展的潜力，而监管行动的协调则可减少创新障碍并促进利益扩散。然而，功能强大且通用的人工智能系统所具备的潜在危险能力，在其开发与应用过程中产生了全球外部性，而旨在推进负责任人工智能实践的国际努力有助于管理其带来的风险。本文识别了一系列可在国际层面执行的治理功能，以应对这些挑战，涵盖从支持对前沿人工智能系统的访问到制定国际安全标准。我们将这些功能归入四种存在内在协同效应、且可在现有组织中找到先例的制度模式：1) 前沿人工智能委员会，致力于就先进人工智能的机遇与风险达成专家共识；2) 先进人工智能治理组织，负责制定国际标准以管理先进模型带来的全球威胁，支持其实施，并可能监督未来治理机制的合规情况；3) 前沿人工智能协作机制，旨在促进对尖端人工智能的获取；4) 人工智能安全项目，汇聚顶尖研究人员与工程师以推进人工智能安全研究。我们探讨了这些模式的效用，并识别了关于其可行性的未解问题。