This work compares three locomotion techniques for an immersive VR environment: two different types of teleporting (with and without animation) and a manual (joystick-based) technique. We tested the effect of these techniques on visual motion sickness, spatial awareness, presence, subjective pleasantness, and perceived difficulty of operating the navigation. We collected eye tracking and head and body orientation data to investigate the relationships between motion, vection, and sickness. Our study confirms some results already discussed in the literature regarding the reduced invasiveness and the high usability of instant teleport while increasing the evidence against the hypothesis of reduced spatial awareness induced by this technique. We reinforce the evidence about the issues of extending teleporting with animation. Furthermore, we offer some new evidence of a benefit to the user experience of the manual technique and the correlation of the sickness felt in this condition with head movements. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing debate on the development of guidelines on navigation interfaces in specific VR environments.

翻译：本研究比较了沉浸式虚拟现实环境中的三种移动技术：两种不同类型的瞬间移动（带动画与不带动画）及一种手动（基于摇杆）技术。我们测试了这些技术对视觉晕动症、空间感知、存在感、主观愉悦度及操作导航感知难度的影响。通过采集眼动追踪及头部/身体朝向数据，我们探讨了运动、自运动知觉与晕动症之间的关系。本研究证实了文献中已讨论的部分结论，即瞬时传送的低侵入性与高易用性，同时进一步否定了该技术会降低空间感知能力的假说。我们强化了关于动画扩展瞬间移动所引发问题的证据。此外，我们提供了手动技术对用户体验有益的新证据，并揭示了该条件下晕动症与头部运动的相关性。研究结果有助于推进特定虚拟现实环境中导航界面指南制定的持续讨论。