The provision of robotic assistance during motor training has proven to be effective in enhancing motor learning in some healthy trainee groups as well as patients. Personalizing such robotic assistance can help further improve motor (re)learning outcomes and cater better to the trainee's needs and desires. However, the development of personalized haptic assistance is hindered by the lack of understanding of the link between the trainee's personality and the effects of haptic guidance during human-robot interaction. To address this gap, we ran an experiment with 42 healthy participants who trained with a robotic device to control a virtual pendulum to hit incoming targets either with or without haptic guidance. We found that certain personal traits affected how users adapt and interact with the guidance during training. In particular, those participants with an 'Achiever gaming style' performed better and applied lower interaction forces to the robotic device than the average participant as the training progressed. Conversely, participants with the 'Free spirit game style' increased the interaction force in the course of training. We also found an interaction between some personal characteristics and haptic guidance. Specifically, participants with a higher 'Transformation of challenge' trait exhibited poorer performance during training while receiving haptic guidance compared to an average participant receiving haptic guidance. Furthermore, individuals with an external Locus of Control tended to increase their interaction force with the device, deviating from the pattern observed in an average participant under the same guidance. These findings suggest that individual characteristics may play a crucial role in the effectiveness of haptic guidance training strategies.

翻译：在运动训练中提供机器人辅助已被证明能有效增强部分健康受训群体及患者的运动学习能力。对这种机器人辅助进行个性化定制，有助于进一步提升运动（再）学习效果，并更好地满足受训者的需求与期望。然而，个性化触觉辅助的开发受限于对人机交互过程中受训者人格特质与触觉引导效果之间关联的认知不足。为填补这一研究空白，我们开展了一项包含42名健康受试者的实验：受试者使用机器人装置训练控制虚拟摆锤击打目标，实验分为有触觉引导组和无触觉引导组。研究发现，特定人格特质会影响用户训练期间对引导的适应与交互方式。具体而言，具有"成就型游戏风格"的受试者在训练进程中表现优于平均水平，且对机器人装置施加的交互力更小；而具有"自由型游戏风格"的受试者则随训练进程逐渐增大交互力。我们还发现某些人格特征与触觉引导之间存在交互作用：与接受触觉引导的平均受试者相比，具有较高"挑战转化"特质的受试者在接受触觉引导时训练表现更差。此外，外部控制点倾向的个体倾向于增大与装置的交互力，偏离了同等引导条件下平均受试者的行为模式。这些发现表明，个体特征可能在触觉引导训练策略的有效性中发挥关键作用。