This work presents a microscopic model to describe pedestrian flows based on the social force theory. The aim of this study is twofold: (1) developing a realistic model that can be used as a tool for designing pedestrian-friendly infrastructure, and (2) verifying a social science theory using a model with sufficient data. The investigation of the pedestrian model shows that despite simple individual behavior patterns, complex spatial and temporal structures emerge through the interactions in pedestrian flows. Collective behavior emerges from individuals following two basic rules: (1) moving directly towards their goal at a certain speed, and (2) maintaining a distance to other pedestrians and obstacles. This self-organized collective behavior manifests itself as trails that are formed by pedestrians moving in one direction. Furthermore, strong dependencies of the properties of pedestrian flows on geometric forms of buildings are shown, and the influence of geometric changes on performance characteristics is investigated. An example demonstrates how efficiency can be increased by reducing walkable areas. This work also presents an evolutionary algorithm for optimizing building layouts based on the social force model. Additionally, a decision-making model is integrated to describe alternative goal selection, and adaptation and learning capabilities are included to improve pedestrian avoidance behavior and decision strategies based on accumulated experience. A method for determining load distributions in individual sections of a path system considering subjective selection criteria is also developed. Finally, a model that describes the self-organization of path systems with minimal detours is presented, similar to natural transport networks where total length and material costs are optimized.

翻译：本研究基于社会力理论提出了一种描述行人流的微观模型。本研究具有双重目标：(1)开发一个可用于设计行人友好型基础设施的现实模型；(2)利用具有充分数据的模型验证社会科学理论。对行人模型的考察表明，尽管个体行为模式简单，但通过行人流中的相互作用会涌现出复杂的时空结构。集体行为产生于个体遵循的两条基本规则：(1)以特定速度直接向目标移动；(2)与其他行人和障碍物保持距离。这种自组织的集体行为表现为单向行人运动形成的轨迹。此外，研究揭示了行人流特性对建筑物几何形态的强烈依赖性，并探讨了几何变化对性能特征的影响。通过示例说明了如何通过减少可步行区域来提高效率。本研究还提出了一种基于社会力模型的进化算法，用于优化建筑布局。同时，集成了决策模型以描述替代目标选择，并引入适应与学习能力以基于累积经验改进行人规避行为和决策策略。还开发了一种考虑主观选择标准来确定路径系统各路段负荷分布的方法。最后，提出了一个描述具有最小绕行路径系统自组织的模型，类似于优化总长度和材料成本的自然交通网络。