In this paper, we propose two new performance metrics, coined the Version Innovation Age (VIA) and the Age of Incorrect Version (AoIV) for real-time monitoring of a two-state Markov process over an unreliable channel. We analyze their performance under the change-aware, semantics-aware, and randomized stationary sampling and transmission policies. We derive closed-form expressions for the distribution and the average of VIA, AoIV, and AoII for these policies. We then formulate and solve an optimization problem to minimize the average VIA, subject to constraints on the time-averaged sampling cost and time-averaged reconstruction error. Finally, we compare the performance of various sampling and transmission policies and identify the conditions under which each policy outperforms the others in optimizing the proposed metrics.

翻译：本文针对不可靠信道上两状态马尔可夫过程的实时监测，提出了两种新的性能度量指标——版本创新年龄（VIA）与错误版本年龄（AoIV）。我们分析了在变化感知、语义感知和随机稳态采样与传输策略下这两种指标的性能，推导了这些策略下VIA、AoIV及AoII的分布与均值的闭合表达式。随后，我们建立并求解了一个优化问题，在时间平均采样成本和时间平均重构误差的约束下最小化平均VIA。最后，我们比较了不同采样与传输策略的性能，并确定了各策略在优化所提指标时表现更优的条件。