Base station (BS) sleeping, a promising technique to address the growing energy consumption in wireless communication networks, encounters challenges such as coverage holes and coupled uplink and downlink transmissions. As an innovative architecture designed for future-generation mobile communication networks, the fully-decoupled radio access network (FD-RAN) is anticipated to overcome these challenges by fully decoupled control-data planes and uplink-downlink transmissions. In this paper, we investigate energy-efficient uplink FD-RAN leveraging flexible BS sleeping and resource cooperation. First, we introduce a holistic energy consumption model and formulate a bi-level energy efficiency maximizing problem for FD-RAN, involved with the joint optimization of user equipment (UE) association, BS sleeping, and power control. Subsequently, through employing the Tammer decomposition method, the formulated bi-level problem is converted into two equivalent upper-level and lower-level problems. The lower-level problem encompassed with UE power control is addressed by introducing a successive lower-bound maximization-based Dinkelbach's algorithm, and the upper-level problem for UE association and BS sleeping is solved through a modified low-complexity many-to-many swap matching algorithm, respectively. Extensive simulation results not only demonstrate the superior effectiveness of FD-RAN and our proposed algorithms but also reveal the sources of energy efficiency gains within FD-RAN.

翻译：基站休眠作为一种有望解决无线通信网络能耗增长问题的技术，面临覆盖空洞以及上下行链路耦合等挑战。全解耦无线接入网（FD-RAN）作为面向下一代移动通信网络的创新架构，预期通过彻底解耦控制与数据平面以及上下行传输来克服这些难题。本文研究利用灵活基站休眠与资源协作的节能上行FD-RAN。首先，我们建立了一个全局能耗模型，并针对FD-RAN构建了一个双层能效最大化问题，涉及用户设备（UE）关联、基站休眠与功率控制的联合优化。随后，通过采用Tammer分解方法，将所构建的双层问题转化为等价的上下层问题。下层问题涉及UE功率控制，通过引入基于逐次下界最大化的Dinkelbach算法求解；上层问题针对UE关联与基站休眠，则通过改进的低复杂度多对多交换匹配算法解决。大量仿真结果不仅证明了FD-RAN及所提算法的优越有效性，还揭示了FD-RAN内能效提升的来源。