Sketch animation has emerged as a transformative technology, bridging art and science to create dynamic visual narratives across various fields such as entertainment, education, healthcare, and virtual reality. This survey explores recent trends and innovations in sketch animation, with a focus on methods that have advanced the state of the art. The paper categorizes and evaluates key methodologies, including keyframe interpolation, physics-based animation, data-driven, motion capture, and deep learning approaches. We examine the integration of artificial intelligence, real-time rendering, and cloud-based solutions, highlighting their impact on enhancing realism, scalability, and interactivity. Additionally, the survey delves into the challenges of computational complexity, scalability, and user-friendly interfaces, as well as emerging opportunities within metaverse applications and human-machine interaction. By synthesizing insights from a wide array of research, this survey aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and future directions of sketch animation, serving as a resource for both academics and industry professionals seeking to innovate in this dynamic field.

翻译：草图动画已成为一项变革性技术，它连接艺术与科学，在娱乐、教育、医疗和虚拟现实等多个领域创造动态视觉叙事。本综述探讨了草图动画的最新趋势与创新，重点关注推动技术前沿发展的方法。本文对关键技术方法进行了分类与评估，包括关键帧插值、基于物理的动画、数据驱动方法、运动捕捉以及深度学习技术。我们研究了人工智能、实时渲染与云端解决方案的融合，重点分析了它们在提升真实感、可扩展性和交互性方面的影响。此外，本综述深入探讨了计算复杂性、可扩展性及用户友好界面等挑战，以及元宇宙应用和人机交互领域的新兴机遇。通过综合大量研究成果，本综述旨在全面呈现草图动画的当前发展格局与未来方向，为寻求在这一动态领域进行创新的学术界与产业界人士提供参考资源。