Smartphone overuse poses risks to people's physical and mental health. However, current intervention techniques mainly focus on explicitly changing screen content (i.e., output) and often fail to persistently reduce smartphone overuse due to being over-restrictive or over-flexible. We present the design and implementation of InteractOut, a suite of implicit input manipulation techniques that leverage interaction proxies to weakly inhibit the natural execution of common user gestures on mobile devices. We present a design space for input manipulations and demonstrate 8 Android implementations of input interventions. We first conducted a pilot lab study (N=30) to evaluate the usability of these interventions. Based on the results, we then performed a 5-week within-subject field experiment (N=42) to evaluate InteractOut in real-world scenarios. Compared to the traditional and common timed lockout technique, InteractOut significantly reduced the usage time by an additional 15.6% and opening frequency by 16.5% on participant-selected target apps. InteractOut also achieved a 25.3% higher user acceptance rate, and resulted in less frustration and better user experience according to participants' subjective feedback. InteractOut demonstrates a new direction for smartphone overuse intervention and serves as a strong complementary set of techniques with existing methods.

翻译：智能手机过度使用对人们的身心健康构成风险。然而，当前的干预技术主要集中于显式改变屏幕内容（即输出），并常因过度限制或过度灵活而未能持续减少智能手机过度使用。我们提出InteractOut的设计与实现——一套隐式输入操作技术，通过利用交互代理来弱化移动设备上常见用户手势的自然执行。我们展示了输入操作的设计空间，并演示了8种输入干预的Android实现。我们首先进行了一项初步实验室研究（N=30）以评估这些干预措施的可用性。基于此结果，我们随后开展了一项为期5周的受试者内现场实验（N=42），在真实场景中评估InteractOut。与传统且常用的定时锁定技术相比，InteractOut在参与者选定的目标应用上额外减少了15.6%的使用时长和16.5%的开启频率。根据参与者的主观反馈，InteractOut还实现了高出25.3%的用户接受率，并减少了挫败感、提供了更优的用户体验。InteractOut展示了智能手机过度使用干预的新方向，并作为现有方法的强有力补充技术体系。