The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) such as the emergence of large language models including ChatGPT and DALLE 2 has brought both opportunities for improving productivity and raised ethical concerns. This paper investigates the ethics of using artificial intelligence (AI) in cartography, with a particular focus on the generation of maps using DALLE 2. To accomplish this, we first create an open-sourced dataset that includes synthetic (AI-generated) and real-world (human-designed) maps at multiple scales with a variety settings. We subsequently examine four potential ethical concerns that may arise from the characteristics of DALLE 2 generated maps, namely inaccuracies, misleading information, unanticipated features, and reproducibility. We then develop a deep learning-based ethical examination system that identifies those AI-generated maps. Our research emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations in the development and use of AI techniques in cartography, contributing to the growing body of work on trustworthy maps. We aim to raise public awareness of the potential risks associated with AI-generated maps and support the development of ethical guidelines for their future use.

翻译：人工智能（AI）的快速发展，例如以ChatGPT和DALLE 2为代表的大语言模型的出现，在带来生产力提升机遇的同时，也引发了伦理层面的担忧。本文聚焦于在制图学中使用AI（尤其是利用DALLE 2生成地图）的伦理问题。为此，我们首先构建了一个开源数据集，其中包含多种尺度与设置下的合成（AI生成）地图和真实（人类设计）地图。随后，我们考察了DALLE 2生成地图可能引发的四大伦理隐患：信息不准确、误导性信息、意外特征以及可重复性问题。接着，我们开发了一套基于深度学习的伦理审查系统，用于识别这些AI生成的地图。本研究强调在制图学中开发与应用AI技术时伦理考量的重要性，为可信地图领域的相关研究贡献了新的视角。我们旨在提高公众对AI生成地图潜在风险的认知，并为其未来应用伦理准则的制定提供支持。