In his seminal paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", Alan Turing introduced the "imitation game" as part of exploring the concept of machine intelligence. The Turing Test has since been the subject of much analysis, debate, refinement and extension. Here we sidestep the question of whether a particular machine can be labeled intelligent, or can be said to match human capabilities in a given context. Instead, but inspired by Turing, we draw attention to the seemingly simpler challenge of determining whether one is interacting with a human or with a machine, in the context of everyday life. We are interested in reflecting upon the importance of this Human-or-Machine question and the use one may make of a reliable answer thereto. Whereas Turing's original test is widely considered to be more of a thought experiment, the Human-or-Machine question as discussed here has obvious practical significance. And while the jury is still not in regarding the possibility of machines that can mimic human behavior with high fidelity in everyday contexts, we argue that near-term exploration of the issues raised here can contribute to development methods for computerized systems, and may also improve our understanding of human behavior in general.

翻译：在其开创性论文《计算机械与智能》中，艾伦·图灵引入“模仿游戏”以探索机器智能的概念。此后，图灵测试成为大量分析、辩论、改进与拓展的主题。在此，我们有意避开“特定机器能否被标记为智能”或“能否在特定情境中匹配人类能力”这类问题。相反，受图灵启发，我们聚焦于日常生活中一个看似更简单的挑战：判断交互对象是人还是机器。我们旨在反思“人机之辨”问题的重要性，以及利用可靠答案的可能途径。尽管图灵的原始测试通常被视为思想实验，但本文所讨论的人机之辨具有明确的现实意义。尽管当前仍无法确定机器能否在日常情境中高保真模拟人类行为，但我们主张：短期内对上述问题的探索，既能助力计算机系统开发方法，亦可能加深对人类行为的一般性理解。