The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and Earth observation (EO) technologies has brought geoscience and remote sensing into an era of unparalleled capabilities. AI's transformative impact on data analysis, particularly derived from EO platforms, holds great promise in addressing global challenges such as environmental monitoring, disaster response and climate change analysis. However, the rapid integration of AI necessitates a careful examination of the responsible dimensions inherent in its application within these domains. In this paper, we represent a pioneering effort to systematically define the intersection of AI and EO, with a central focus on responsible AI practices. Specifically, we identify several critical components guiding this exploration from both academia and industry perspectives within the EO field: AI and EO for social good, mitigating unfair biases, AI security in EO, geo-privacy and privacy-preserving measures, as well as maintaining scientific excellence, open data, and guiding AI usage based on ethical principles. Furthermore, the paper explores potential opportunities and emerging trends, providing valuable insights for future research endeavors.

翻译：人工智能（AI）与地球观测（EO）技术的融合，已将地球科学与遥感领域带入一个能力空前的时代。AI在数据分析（尤其是源自EO平台的数据分析）方面的变革性影响，为应对环境监测、灾害响应和气候变化分析等全球性挑战带来了巨大希望。然而，AI的快速融合也亟需对其在这些领域应用中所固有的责任维度进行审慎考量。本文率先尝试系统性地界定AI与EO的交叉领域，并聚焦于负责任的AI实践。具体而言，我们从EO领域的学术界和工业界视角，确定了指导这一探索的几个关键组成部分：服务于社会公益的AI与EO、减轻不公平偏见、EO中的AI安全性、地理隐私与隐私保护措施，以及保持科学卓越性、开放数据与基于伦理原则指导AI使用。此外，本文还探讨了潜在的机遇与新兴趋势，为未来的研究工作提供了宝贵的见解。