Rendering and inverse-rendering algorithms that drive conventional computer graphics have recently been superseded by neural representations (NR). NRs have recently been used to learn the geometric and the material properties of the scenes and use the information to synthesize photorealistic imagery, thereby promising a replacement for traditional rendering algorithms with scalable quality and predictable performance. In this work we ask the question: Does neural graphics (NG) need hardware support? We studied representative NG applications showing that, if we want to render 4k res. at 60FPS there is a gap of 1.5X-55X in the desired performance on current GPUs. For AR/VR applications, there is an even larger gap of 2-4 OOM between the desired performance and the required system power. We identify that the input encoding and the MLP kernels are the performance bottlenecks, consuming 72%,60% and 59% of application time for multi res. hashgrid, multi res. densegrid and low res. densegrid encodings, respectively. We propose a NG processing cluster, a scalable and flexible hardware architecture that directly accelerates the input encoding and MLP kernels through dedicated engines and supports a wide range of NG applications. We also accelerate the rest of the kernels by fusing them together in Vulkan, which leads to 9.94X kernel-level performance improvement compared to un-fused implementation of the pre-processing and the post-processing kernels. Our results show that, NGPC gives up to 58X end-to-end application-level performance improvement, for multi res. hashgrid encoding on average across the four NG applications, the performance benefits are 12X,20X,33X and 39X for the scaling factor of 8,16,32 and 64, respectively. Our results show that with multi res. hashgrid encoding, NGPC enables the rendering of 4k res. at 30FPS for NeRF and 8k res. at 120FPS for all our other NG applications.

翻译：驱动传统计算机图形的渲染与逆向渲染算法近期已被神经表示（NR）所取代。NR已用于学习场景的几何与材质属性，并利用这些信息合成逼真图像，从而有望以可扩展的质量和可预测的性能替代传统渲染算法。本研究提出一个问题：神经图形是否需要硬件支持？通过分析代表性NG应用发现，若要在当前GPU上以60FPS渲染4K分辨率，性能差距达1.5倍至55倍；而对于AR/VR应用，目标性能与所需系统功耗之间的差距甚至高达2至4个数量级。我们识别出输入编码和MLP核函数是性能瓶颈，在多分辨率哈希网格、多分辨率密集网格和低分辨率密集网格编码中，分别消耗了72%、60%和59%的应用时间。为此，我们提出一种NG处理集群——一种可扩展且灵活的硬件架构，通过专用引擎直接加速输入编码和MLP核函数，并支持多种NG应用。同时，我们通过Vulkan融合其余核函数，使预处理与后处理核函数的性能相比未融合实现提升了9.94倍。实验结果表明，对于多分辨率哈希网格编码，NGPC在端到端应用级性能上最高提升58倍；在四种NG应用的平均表现中，缩放因子为8、16、32和64时，性能分别提升12倍、20倍、33倍和39倍。此外，采用多分辨率哈希网格编码时，NGPC实现了NeRF以30FPS渲染4K分辨率，以及所有其他NG应用以120FPS渲染8K分辨率。