Photographic composition aims to provide visual guidance for improving the framing, viewpoint, and spatial arrangement of an image. Early methods primarily rely on image cropping to enhance composition, which is restricted to the viewpoint and spatial arrangement of the input image. Recent methods have explored image understanding and editing to improve composition, but they mainly focus on instruction following and aesthetic quality, overlooking the importance of 3D scene geometry consistency for photographic composition. In this work, we propose GeoComposer, a novel geometry-grounded photographic composition framework that analyzes the composition of a given image to generate textual guidance and synthesizes a visual exemplar that enhances the composition of the given image. To promote geometry-grounded composition, we propose a geometry-aware representation learning mechanism that leverages geometric priors from a visual geometry foundation model to shape the intermediate representations of the composition editing model. This mechanism preserves both global structural relationships and local fine-grained correspondences for geometry-grounded composition. Furthermore, we propose a reinforcement learning strategy guided by a hybrid reward that jointly optimizes instruction following, aesthetic quality, and geometric consistency. This enables the model to generate visual exemplars that faithfully follow the composition instructions while remaining visually appealing and geometrically consistent. Extensive experiments show the superiority of our approach over state-of-the-art methods, highlighting its effectiveness in generating visually appealing and geometrically consistent composition.

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