The Domain Name System (DNS) is both a key determinant of users' quality of experience (QoE) and privy to their tastes, preferences, and even the devices they own. Growing concern about user privacy and QoE has brought a number of alternative DNS services, from public DNS to encrypted and Oblivious DNS. While offering valuable features, these DNS variants are operated by a handful of providers, reinforcing a trend towards centralization that has raised concerns about privacy, competition, resilience and Web QoE. The goal of this work is to let users take advantage of third-party DNS services, without sacrificing privacy or performance. We follow Wheeler's advice, adding another level of indirection with an end-system DNS resolver, Onoma, that improves privacy, avoiding DNS-based user-reidentification by inserting and sharding requests across resolvers, and improves performance by running resolution races among resolvers and reinstating the client-resolver proximity assumption content delivery networks rely on. As our evaluation shows, while there may not be an ideal service for all clients in all places, Onoma dynamically finds the best service for any given location.

翻译：域名系统（DNS）既是用户体验质量（QoE）的关键决定因素，也掌握着用户的品味、偏好乃至所拥有的设备信息。用户对隐私和QoE日益增长的关注催生了多种替代性DNS服务，从公共DNS到加密DNS及 oblivious DNS。尽管这些DNS变体提供了宝贵功能，但它们由少数提供商运营，加剧了集中化趋势，进而引发了对隐私、竞争、弹性及Web QoE的担忧。本研究旨在让用户在不牺牲隐私或性能的前提下利用第三方DNS服务。我们采纳Wheeler的建议，通过端系统DNS解析器Onoma增加一层间接性：通过跨解析器插入和分片请求来避免基于DNS的用户重识别，从而提升隐私保护；同时通过跨解析器运行解析竞赛并恢复内容分发网络所依赖的客户端-解析器邻近性假设来提升性能。评估表明，虽然可能不存在普适所有客户端和地点的理想服务，但Onoma可根据具体位置动态找到最优服务。