Estonia has a global reputation of a digital state or e-country. However, despite the success in digital governance, the country has faced challenges in the realm of Open Government Data (OGD) area, with significant advancements in its OGD ecosystem, as reflected in various open data rankings from 2020 and onwards, in the recent years being recognized among trend-setters. This paper aims to explore the evolution and positioning of Estonia's OGD development, encompassing national and local levels, through an integrated analysis of various indices, primary data from the Estonian OGD portal, and a thorough literature review. The research shows that Estonia has made progress in the national level open data ecosystem, primarily due to improvements in the OGD portal usability and legislation amendments. However, the local level is not as developed, with local governments lagging behind in OGD provision. The literature review highlights the lack of previous research focusing on Estonian and European local open data, emphasizing the need for future studies to explore the barriers and enablers of municipal OGD. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of Estonia's dynamic journey in the OGD landscape, shedding light on both achievements and areas warranting further attention for establishing a sustainable open data ecosystem.

翻译：爱沙尼亚在全球享有数字国家或电子国家的声誉。然而，尽管在数字治理方面取得了成功，该国在开放政府数据领域仍面临挑战。自2020年以来，其开放政府数据生态系统取得了显著进展，这体现在各项开放数据排名中，近年来更被公认为趋势引领者。本文旨在通过综合分析多种指数、爱沙尼亚开放政府数据门户的一手数据以及详尽的文献综述，探讨爱沙尼亚开放政府数据发展的演变与定位，涵盖国家与地方层面。研究表明，爱沙尼亚在国家层面的开放数据生态系统取得了进展，主要归因于开放政府数据门户可用性的提升及立法修订。然而，地方层面的发展尚不充分，地方政府在开放数据提供方面相对滞后。文献综述指出，以往聚焦于爱沙尼亚及欧洲地方开放数据的研究匮乏，强调了未来研究需探索市政开放政府数据的障碍与促进因素。本研究有助于深入理解爱沙尼亚在开放政府数据领域的动态征程，揭示了其成就及尚需关注之处，为构建可持续的开放数据生态系统提供启示。