In Human-Computer-Interaction, vibrotactile haptic feedback offers the advantage of being independent of any visual perception of the environment. Most importantly, the user's field of view is not obscured by user interface elements, and the visual sense is not unnecessarily strained. This is especially advantageous when the visual channel is already busy, or the visual sense is limited. We developed three design variants based on different vibrotactile illusions to communicate 3D directional cues. In particular, we explored two variants based on the vibrotactile illusion of the cutaneous rabbit and one based on apparent vibrotactile motion. To communicate gradient information, we combined these with pulse-based and intensity-based mapping. A subsequent study showed that the pulse-based variants based on the vibrotactile illusion of the cutaneous rabbit are suitable for communicating both directional and gradient characteristics. The results further show that a representation of 3D directions via vibrations can be effective and beneficial.

翻译：在人机交互中，振动触觉反馈具有不依赖于环境视觉感知的优势。最重要的是，用户界面元素不会遮挡用户的视野，视觉感官也不会承受不必要的负担。这在视觉通道已处于繁忙状态或视觉能力受限时尤为有利。我们基于不同振动触觉错觉开发了三种设计变体，用于传递三维方向线索。具体而言，我们探索了两种基于皮肤兔错觉的变体，以及一种基于表观振动触觉运动的变体。为传递梯度信息，我们将这些错觉与脉冲映射和强度映射相结合。后续研究表明，基于皮肤兔错觉的脉冲变体适用于同时传递方向与梯度特征。结果进一步证明，通过振动表征三维方向是有效且有益的。