In this paper, we present noise-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (ND-NOMA), an innovative communication scheme that utilizes the modulation of artificial noise mean and variance to convey information. Distinct from traditional methods such as power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) that heavily relies on successive interference cancellation (SIC), ND-NOMA utilizes the noise domain, considerably reducing power consumption and system complexity. Inspired by noise modulation, ND-NOMA enhances energy efficiency and provides lower bit error probability (BEP), making it highly suitable for next-generation Internet-of-things (IoT) networks. Our theoretical analyses and computer simulations reveal that ND-NOMA can achieve exceptionally low bit error rates in both uplink and downlink scenarios, in the presence of Rician fading channels. The proposed multi-user system is supported by a minimum distance detector for mean detection and a threshold-based detector for variance detection, ensuring robust communication in low-power environments. By leveraging the inherent properties of noise, ND-NOMA offers a promising platform for long-term deployments of low-cost and low-complexity devices.

翻译：本文提出噪声域非正交多址接入（ND-NOMA）这一创新通信方案，该方案通过调制人工噪声的均值与方差来传递信息。与传统方法（如严重依赖连续干扰消除（SIC）的功率域非正交多址接入（PD-NOMA））不同，ND-NOMA利用噪声域进行通信，显著降低了功耗与系统复杂度。受噪声调制思想启发，ND-NOMA提升了能量效率并具有更低的误比特概率（BEP），使其非常适用于下一代物联网（IoT）网络。理论分析与计算机仿真表明，在莱斯衰落信道环境下，ND-NOMA能在上行链路与下行链路场景中实现极低的误比特率。所提出的多用户系统采用最小距离检测器进行均值检测，并基于阈值检测器实现方差检测，从而确保低功耗环境下的鲁棒通信。通过利用噪声的固有特性，ND-NOMA为低成本、低复杂度设备的长期部署提供了极具前景的平台。