The rise of AI-assisted software engineering (SE 2.0), powered by Foundation Models (FMs) and FM-powered coding assistants, has shown promise in improving developer productivity. However, it has also exposed inherent limitations, such as cognitive overload on developers and inefficiencies. We propose a shift towards Software Engineering 3.0 (SE 3.0), an AI-native approach characterized by intent-centric, conversation-oriented development between human developers and AI teammates. SE 3.0 envisions AI systems evolving beyond task-driven copilots into intelligent collaborators, capable of deeply understanding and reasoning about software engineering principles and intents. We outline the key components of the SE 3.0 technology stack, which includes Teammate.next for adaptive and personalized AI partnership, IDE.next for intent-centric conversation-oriented development, Compiler.next for multi-objective code synthesis, and Runtime.next for SLA-aware execution with edge-computing support. Our vision addresses the inefficiencies and cognitive strain of SE 2.0 by fostering a symbiotic relationship between human developers and AI, maximizing their complementary strengths. We also present a roadmap of challenges that must be overcome to realize our vision of SE 3.0. This paper lays the foundation for future discussions on the role of AI in the next era of software engineering.

翻译：基于基础模型（FMs）和FM驱动的编码助手，AI辅助的软件工程（SE 2.0）的兴起已显示出提升开发者生产力的潜力。然而，它也暴露出固有的局限性，例如开发者的认知过载和效率低下。我们提出向软件工程3.0（SE 3.0）的转变，这是一种AI原生的方法，其核心特征是人类开发者与AI队友之间以意图为中心、面向对话的开发。SE 3.0设想AI系统从任务驱动的副驾驶演变为智能协作者，能够深入理解和推理软件工程原理与意图。我们概述了SE 3.0技术栈的关键组件，包括用于自适应和个性化AI伙伴关系的Teammate.next、用于以意图为中心的对话式开发的IDE.next、用于多目标代码合成的Compiler.next，以及支持边缘计算、具备SLA感知执行能力的Runtime.next。我们的愿景通过培养人类开发者与AI之间的共生关系，最大化其互补优势，从而解决SE 2.0的低效和认知压力问题。我们还提出了实现SE 3.0愿景必须克服的一系列挑战路线图。本文为未来讨论AI在软件工程新时代中的作用奠定了基础。