This study introduces two methods for continuously measuring uncertainty during human navigation in complex buildings: one using a joystick (RCUA), and the other with annotations on videos of recent navigation activity (CUA). To evaluate the usability, reliability, and validity of both approaches, we conducted a study with 54 participants. We assessed the measures' reactivity during different sign-seeing events. We also evaluated the convergent validity of both measures by comparing their outcomes with a self-report questionnaire, and assessed their discriminative and predictive validity by comparing uncertain values between known groups and correlating those values with wayfinding performance. Our findings suggest that both approaches were valid at the task level, but RCUA was better at capturing fine-grained dynamics of human experience. These continuous uncertainty measures can provide valuable insights into the fleeting nature of human experience and help identify "problem spots" for wayfinding in complex buildings.

翻译：本研究提出了两种在复杂建筑中持续测量人类导航过程中不确定性的方法：一种使用操纵杆进行实时标注（RCUA），另一种则基于对近期导航活动视频进行事后标注（CUA）。为了评估两种方法的可用性、信度和效度，我们开展了一项包含54名参与者的实验研究。我们评估了在不同标识观察事件下测量的反应性，并通过将两种测量结果与自陈问卷进行对比，检验了其聚合效度；同时，通过比较已知群体间的不确定性值并将这些值与寻路表现进行相关性分析，评估了其区分效度和预测效度。研究结果表明，两种方法在任务层面均具有有效性，但RCUA在捕捉人类经验的精细动态方面表现更优。这些连续不确定性测量能够为人类体验的短暂性提供重要见解，并有助于识别复杂建筑中寻路的"问题区域"。