Poor energy efficiency of homes is a major problem with urgent environmental and social implications. Housing in the UK relies heavily on fossil fuels for energy supply and has some of the lowest energy efficiency in Europe. We explore spatial variations in energy efficiency across England using data from Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs), which cover approximately half of the residential stock (14M homes between 2008-22). We examine variations between authorities after accounting for the composition of the housing stock in terms of its fixed characteristics of property type, building age and size. We explore variations in terms of geographical and social context (region, urban-rural and deprivation), which gives a picture of the scale of the challenge each faces. We also examine variations in relation to the more readily upgraded factors, such as glazing types, and in relation to local participation in improvement programmes which gives some insight into local actions or progress achieved.

翻译：住宅能效低下是一个亟需解决的环境与社会问题。英国住房的能源供应严重依赖化石燃料，其能效水平在欧洲处于最低行列。我们利用能源绩效证书（EPCs）数据（覆盖2008-22年间约半数住宅存量，即1400万套住房），探究英格兰地区能效的空间差异。在控制住宅存量固定特征（物业类型、建筑年代及面积）后，我们分析各地区间的差异。我们进一步从地理与社会背景（区域、城乡及贫困程度）角度考察差异，揭示各地区面临挑战的规模。同时，我们分析更易升级的要素（如玻璃类型）相关的差异，以及与地方参与改造计划相关的差异，这能反映地方行动或已取得的进展。