The resolution of near-field beamforming is an important metric to measure how effectively users with different locations can be located. This letter identifies the condition under which the resolution of near-field beamforming is not perfect. This imperfect resolution means that one user's near-field beam can be still useful to other users, which motivates the application of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Both the analytical and simulation results are developed to demonstrate that those near-field beams preconfigured for legacy users can indeed be used to effectively serve additional NOMA users, which improves the overall connectivity and system throughput.

翻译：近场波束赋形的分辨率是衡量不同位置用户可被有效定位能力的重要指标。本文识别了近场波束赋形分辨率不完全的条件。这种不完全分辨率意味着一个用户的近场波束仍可对其他用户产生效用，从而激发了非正交多址接入（NOMA）的应用。通过理论分析与仿真结果共同表明，为传统用户预先配置的近场波束确实可有效服务于新增的NOMA用户，从而提升整体连接能力与系统吞吐量。