We investigate fine-grained algorithmic aspects for classical identification problems in graphs, namely LOCATING-DOMINATING SET, and in set systems, namely TEST COVER. In the first problem, an input is a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices and an integer $k$, and the objective is to decide whether there is a subset $S$ of $k$ vertices such that any two distinct vertices not in $S$ are dominated by distinct subsets of $S$. In the second problem, an input is a set $U$ of items, a collection $\mathcal{F}$ of subsets of $U$ called tests, and an integer $k$, and the objective is to select a set $S$ of at most $k$ tests such that any two distinct items are contained in a distinct subset of tests of $S$. For our first result, we show that LOCATING-DOMINATING SET (respectively, TEST COVER) parameterized by the treewidth of the input graph (respectively, the incidence graph) does not admit an algorithm running in time $2^{2^{o(\textsf{tw})}} \cdot {\rm poly}(n)$ (respectively, $2^{2^{o(\textsf{tw})}} \cdot {\rm poly}(|U| + |\mathcal{F}|)$), unless the ETH fails. Next, we prove that, unless the ETH fails, LOCATING-DOMINATING SET does not admit an algorithm running in time $2^{o(k^2)} \cdot {\rm poly}(n)$, nor a polynomial-time kernelization algorithm that reduces the solution size and outputs a kernel with $2^{o(k)}$ vertices, and TEST COVER does not admit an algorithm running in time $2^{2^{o(k)}} \cdot {\rm poly}(|U| + |\mathcal{F}|)$ nor a kernel with $2^{2^{o(k)}}$ vertices. Again, we show that these lower bounds are tight by designing (kernelization) algorithms with matching running times.

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